2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was divided, one half jointly to Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity".

Bruce A. Beutler

Born: 1957, Chicago, IL, USA

Affiliation at the time of the award:The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA

Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"

Jules A. Hoffmann

Born: 1941, Echternach, Luxembourg

Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"

Ralph M. Steinman

Born: 1943, Montreal, Canada

Died: 30 September 2011

Affiliation at the time of the award:Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA

Prize motivation: "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity"

Photo Gallery

Bruce Beutler (left) with colleague Yu Xia (right) in the laboratory.

Like many Nobel Laureates before him, Bruce A. Beutler autographs a chair at Bistro Nobel at the Nobel Museum in Stockholm, 6 December 2011.

Like many Nobel Laureates before him, Jules A. Hoffmann autographs a chair at Bistro Nobel at the Nobel Museum in Stockholm, 6 December 2011.

Portrait of Professor Jules A. Hoffmann.